生活中的很多行(xing)業的發展與水下作業都是離不開的，有時候一些行(xing)業所在的領域都有自己的品牌(pai)， 特地(di)給大家介紹一下江蘇錦富能源工程有限(xian)公司(si)
幾(ji)類水(shui)下作業工具分析比(bi)較－江蘇(su)錦富能(neng)源工程有限公司
水下作(zuo)業常用的機械(xie)工(gong)具有帶鋸、 鏈鋸、 砂(sha)輪機、 鉆(zhan)孔器、 沖擊扳手、 沖擊鉆(zhan)、 清(qing)洗刷(shua)、 鋼纜切割器等。驅動(dong)(dong)工(gong)具的動(dong)(dong)力源有手動(dong)(dong)、 電(dian)動(dong)(dong)、 氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)及液壓等。
初潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)陸(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，屬勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密集(ji)型潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，完全(quan)依靠潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)能和(he)經(jing)驗(yan)，潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)消耗(hao)大(da)，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)持(chi)(chi)續作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)短(duan)，受(shou)(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素多，因而作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)效率低(di)， 施工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)長(chang)， 作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)深度和(he)范圍受(shou)(shou)到很(hen)大(da)限制(zhi)(zhi)， 而且危(wei)險性大(da)。為了減輕潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強(qiang)度、 提(ti)高(gao)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)效率、 縮短(duan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)( 這(zhe)在搶險救生作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)中極其(qi)重要(yao)) ，人們在陸(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上發(fa)展了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)， 包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)、 氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)、 液壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)等(deng)， 這(zhe)些(xie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)僅便于(yu)潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)手(shou)(shou)持(chi)(chi)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)， 更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是適于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)機(ji)(ji)械手(shou)(shou)和(he)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)來驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，原(yuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，， 目前(qian)有適于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半干式(shi)和(he)濕式(shi)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，可(ke)以(yi)在各種水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深下(xia)運轉(zhuan)，但要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)對海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)完全(quan)密封， 需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜絕緣系統、 開關、 插座及其(qi)他部分。為安全(quan)起見， 潛(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)有很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊保護措施，且需要(yao)減速(su)器(qi)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)比相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)液壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)重 5～10 倍(bei)、 體(ti)(ti)積也大(da)好幾倍(bei)，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)很(hen)不(bu)(bu)方便，其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)靠性差。 基于(yu)這(zhe)些(xie)原(yuan)因，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)一般只在無法使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)或液壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)時用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)完成部分短(duan)時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。
氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)用壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)來驅動(dong)(dong)，常采用開式(shi)系統(tong)， 壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)功(gong)后(hou)直接在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)下排(pai)放，因(yin)而(er)噪聲大(da)(da)，放出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)泡會(hui)(hui)影響潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)員或操作(zuo)(zuo)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)覺，甚至會(hui)(hui)導致潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)員惡心和嘔吐(tu)。 此(ci)外，海水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)元件，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性和壽(shou)命(ming)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低，因(yin)此(ci)需要頻(pin)繁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護;而(er)且隨著潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，平衡水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)也隨著增加，耗氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)劇增，能耗很大(da)(da)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)急劇降(jiang)低， 設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積、重量(liang)也急劇增加; 動(dong)(dong)力(li)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)壓力(li)需隨著作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同進(jin)(jin)行相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)功(gong)率(lv)， 壓力(li)控制(zhi)復(fu)雜。 在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)下動(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)，氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設備多是體(ti)(ti)積.因(yin)此(ci)，氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)一般僅在(zai)(zai)50m 水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)以(yi)(yi)淺區域使(shi)(shi)用。液(ye)壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)能作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力(li)來驅動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，它與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)及氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)相比，使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)長，性能可(ke)靠(kao)， 能均勻(yun)地(di)調速(su)，不(bu)需減速(su)裝(zhuang)置具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)單位功(gong)率(lv)重量(liang)輕、 體(ti)(ti)積小、 輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)大(da)(da)、特性平穩等優點， 已廣泛應(ying)用于中(zhong)、 淺深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，并開始用于大(da)(da)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)到極限深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。 在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)下作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)用 多，水(shui)(shui)(shui)下機器人及機械手使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾乎全部是液(ye)壓動(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。 但傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是以(yi)(yi)礦(kuang)物型(xing)液(ye)壓油為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)介質， 由于礦(kuang)物型(xing)液(ye)壓油與海水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)相容系統(tong)必(bi)須設計成閉式(shi)循環系統(tong)，因(yin)而(er)存在(zai)(zai)一些(xie)難以(yi)(yi)克服的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端(duan)。具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)表現為(wei):
( 1) 液壓油和(he)環(huan)境海水(shui)不(bu)可避免地會相互滲漏，不(bu)僅(jin)污染環(huan)境， 也加速系統元件的損壞，
大大降低工具(ju)可靠性與使(shi)用(yong)壽命。
( 2) 使用液壓油(you)存在潛在的(de)火(huo)災危險。
( 3) 因(yin)液壓油的(de)粘(zhan)度(du)大(da)，且其(qi)粘(zhan)溫、 粘(zhan)壓系數大(da)，隨著作業(ye)深(shen)度(du)、 范圍的(de)擴大(da)， 系統進油管(guan)和回油管(guan)的(de)沿程(cheng)損失增大(da); 同時需(xu)(xu)平衡水深(shen)壓力(li)(li)，使(shi)得油壓工具(ju)的(de)效率大(da)大(da)降低。 另外，為保證(zheng)有效的(de)驅動功率， 需(xu)(xu)隨著作業(ye)深(shen)度(du)的(de)增加， 調(diao)整動力(li)(li)源的(de)輸出壓力(li)(li)，壓力(li)(li)控制(zhi)不(bu)方便。 盡管(guan)可采用壓力(li)(li)補償的(de)方法(fa)解決后一問題，但設備(bei)的(de)體積、 重(zhong)量和復雜程(cheng)度(du)增加， 制(zhi)造和維(wei)護(hu)困難。
( 4) 在有海浪、 海流(liu)、 暗流(liu)或深(shen)水(shui)(shui)環境中作業(ye)，連接在工(gong)具上的進油管(guan)和(he)回油管(guan)要受到很大的作用力(li)作業(ye)，水(shui)(shui)下作業(ye)提高(gao)效率， 潛水(shui)(shui)員作業(ye)時的附加(jia)作用力(li)很大
( 5) 難以在水下更(geng)換作業(ye)工具或進行(xing)簡單的維修。鑒于(yu)上述(shu)原(yuan)因 油壓工具一般應(ying)用在中、 淺深度場合。
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